C Tutorials
| Strings in C |
The string in C programming language is actually a one-dimensional array of characters which is terminated by a null character '\0'. Thus a null-terminated string contains the characters that comprise the string followed by a null. The following declaration and initialization create a string consisting of the word "Hello". To hold the null character at the end of the array, the size of the character array containing the string is one more than the number of characters in the word "Hello."
char greeting[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};
char greeting[] = "Hello";
#include <stdio.h>
void main ()
{
char greeting[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};
printf("Greeting message: %s\n", greeting );
}
| Function and Purpose |
|---|
| strcpy(s1, s2); Copies string s2 into string s1. |
| strcat(s1, s2); Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1. |
| strlen(s1); Returns the length of string s1. |
| strcmp(s1, s2); Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same; less than 0 if s1<s2; greater than 0 if s1>s2. |
| strchr(s1, ch); Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in string s1. |
| strstr(s1, s2); Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string s2 in string s1. |
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
char str1[12] = "Hello";
char str2[12] = "World";
char str3[12];
int len ;
/* copy str1 into str3 */
strcpy(str3, str1);
printf("strcpy( str3, str1) : %s\n", str3 );
/* concatenates str1 and str2 */
strcat( str1, str2);
printf("strcat( str1, str2): %s\n", str1 );
/* total lenghth of str1 after concatenation */
len = strlen(str1);
printf("strlen(str1) : %d\n", len );
return 0;
}
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